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1997-03-03
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Reference Manual for Flight Planning Excel Spreadsheet
Sriram Narayan
Rev 0.4
Introduction
This Excel flight planning spreadsheet runs on Excel versions greater than 5.0a. The
spreadsheet has been geared towards Cessna 152 and Cessna 172 aircraft, however, it can
be modified to suit other aircraft quite easily. The spreadsheet consists of 4 sheets. The
first sheet is the ôFlt Planö sheet which consists of the wind based time/speed/fuel
calculations for the various VFR checkpoints the user wishes to input. It also contains
various miscellaneous information that may be gimmicky but nevertheless interesting data
that will hopefully not detract from the utility of the main flight-planning section. The
second sheet is the ôGen Infoö section which has navigation information, comm/nav
frequencies and airport information and ôsketchesö the user may wish to have in hand
when approaching the destination. The third sheet, added in this revision, is the Weather
sheet. Lastly, there is the ôW&Bö section on weight and balance, that will allow the user
to determine with the help of a graph whether the plane meets the CG and moment
requirements. The next few sections will delve into each of these topics further.
Flt-Plan Section
The user needs to input data into sections that are shown in red in the example
spreadsheet. The blue text areas which have a grey background are calculated fields that
are protected when the sheet is protected. Black text is usually headings. Green text is
usually non-printed and calculation fields. Magenta text are option descriptors that
describe a specific option for a nearby field.
The Location heading is the VFR checkpoints that the user needs to identify. The first one
(A5) is the origin airport and is entered as the 3 or 4 letter identifier. The next row is the
ôTop of Climbö whose information is not to be entered, instead the user must enter the
first VFR checkpoint at A7. The distance to the first checkpoint is entered at the bottom
of all the checkpoints at K21. The reason for this is that the program determines the top of
climb (TOC) distance and times based on final altitude and airspeeds. It then assigns the
remaining distance and time to the first checkpoint from the TOC position which can vary
depending on a lot of factors as you know. One caution is that if the first checkpoint
occurs before TOC is reached, there may be some negative numbers in some of the fields!
Other intermediate checkpoints are entered till the final destination airport where you
enter 3 or 4 letter airport identifier.
The other headings that need data to be entered into are wind direction, WndD, wind
velocity (WndV) given as true direction and true airspeed (TAS). In the spreadsheet, I
have used values of 95 knots for Cessna 152s and 110 knots for Cessna 172s in cruise.
The Vy speeds during climb-outs are 65 and 70 knots respectively. The program
automatically switches between the two aircraft based on the P30 field value. Strictly
speaking, the TAS field can then be made into a ôblueö field if you decide to use this
switching option. However, you may need to adjust the speeds for your particular aircraft.
The true course (TC) is entered in column F and distance between checkpoints in column
K. The magnetic variation is entered in field B26 and this is used to calculate the true
heading (TH) and the spreadsheet figures out the wind correction angle (WCA), magnetic
course (MC), magnetic heading (MH), fuel consumption for each leg (Fuel). Note that
the MC should be used to determine VFR flying altitudes as per the hemispherical rule.
There is also a ground speed (GS) calculation and two time columns, estimated time
enroute (ETE) and estimated time of arrival (ETA). Blank spaces are provided for the
actual times that may be entered during the flight. There is an extra (Contact/Notes) blank
field that is provided for the pilot to put in contact frequencies or other notes associated
with each checkpoint.
In order to customise the sheet like adding more rows, the recommendation is to copy an
entire row (that already exists) so that all the formulas that are hidden and other non-
printed columns that hold calculations are also properly copied. If this is not done, errors
may result.
IMPORTANT: In the fuel consumption portion, I have taken the liberty of putting a 40%
higher fuel consumption during climb-out and a 35% reduction in fuel consumption during
descent. These two fields are underlined in the spreadsheet. The user may wish to adjust
these percentages if he/she is not comfortable with this. Also please be aware that the fuel
consumption rate I have used for the Cessna 152 is 6 gph and for Cessna 172 is 8 gph.
Other data that can be entered into this sheet include latitude and longitude of the origin
and destination airports. The program will calculate the great circle distance in field B27.
Hopefully this distance will be less than the total distance arrived at in field K24! Date and
time information can be entered which is used for other calculations such as whether night
flight will be encountered. If you take passengers, based on the last time you flew, the
sheet will check if you are current for that. You will also need to put in the amount of fuel
you started the flight with in field L29, the program will then check if you have sufficient
fuel when you complete the flight. The method of determining how much fuel is
acceptable at the end of the flight can be altered by the user depending on level of comfort
and FAA requirements. In the program currently it will warn you if you fall below a
quarter tank. This is overly conservative but OK. You can enter actual temperature at the
departing airport and program will calculate density altitude based on departing airport
field elevation. Actual sunset times if entered correctly will allow you stay legal for night
flight. I have not bothered with sunrise times. The program can also calculate the entire
spreadsheet in Zulu time if you so desire and there are some fields at the bottom left which
deal with time conversions. The spreadsheet at this time does not know when Daylight
Savings takes place. One last feature that is available on this spreadsheet is to be able to
predict the cost of the trip based on $/hr for the C152 and C172. You can use this to do a
what-if comparison to see which aircraft turns out to be more economical as the C152 has
lower speeds resulting in longer flight time as opposed to the faster but more expensive
C172.
Gen Info Section
This is a more free form sheet that contains airport information, navaid information,
approach and departure frequencies, airport comm frequencies, telephone numbers etc.
and the user has considerable latitude in modifying this sheet to suit his/her requirements. I
have also put in a stick-diagram for the runways at the destination airport as well as some
pattern and runway length information. There is room to put notes and other information
as well.
W&B Section
This gives a graphical view of the weight and balance situation for either the C152 or
C172 that you have chosen. It uses fuel information from the flight planning section, but
the user will have to enter the pilot and passenger weights, luggage etc. The W&B will
work for the aircraft type specified be it the C152 or the C172 in the Normal category
only. Utility category is not covered. The numbers have been taken the POH of the C152
and C172 and the user will need to change the Basic Empty weight for the particular C152
or C172. Note, the data for the rear passengers is not used when the aircraft specified is a
C152 even though it may have a value in that field.
Weather Section
This recently added sheet (ver 0.4) has some fields where the pilot can enter the weather
data from DUATs or a live briefing. Also there is some space to write down NOTAMs
and ATIS information. As a reference, I have added some of the common METAR/TAF
weather phenomena abbreviations.
Conclusions
I have tried to describe the basic workings of the spreadsheet that has evolved over the
years. I think it is reasonably stable at this point in time but I hope to continue to improve
it. Most of the basics are already there and I personally feel quite comfortable with the
interface and final hard-copy that I can take with me on the flight. One thing I would like
to add is an automatic course reversal sheet using the information from the main flight
planning sheet. I also would like to add some calculations to warn the pilot if density
altitude could be a problem based on runway length and ambient temperature. If you have
any other suggestions on improving this spreadsheet please contact me via e-mail. If you
find any errors I would appreciate your immediate feedback.
Finally, some disclaimers - USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!!! I cannot guarantee the
accuracy of the spreadsheet and strongly recommend that the data provided from this
spreadsheet be supplemented with your own calculations and good judgment as PIC
especially with regards to fuel estimates. I have verified the flight-planning results with an
E6B and the agreement was good for the level of accuracy involved with mechanical
devices. Thank-you and wish you safe landingsà.
If you find the application useful and wish to modify it and post your own version of it,
please feel free to do so. I do request you though to point a reference to me either on your
download page or within the application. Thank-you.
Revision History
Ver 0.3 First Released version (to the internet) Date: 17.11.1996
Ver 0.4 Added magnetic course and Notes fields in Flt-plan section and added the
Weather sheet. Date: 3.2.1997.
Acknowledgments
Thanks to Gene Whitt and Gerald Kurata for their comments and critiquing the
spreadsheet.
Sriram Narayan
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
File information /Author Information
e-mail: sriram.narayan@technologist.com
URL: http://www.dsp.net/narayan/snfltpl4.zip (this app)
URL: http://www.dsp.net/narayan (my homepage)
The files contained in the zip archive (snfltpl4.zip) are:
snfltpl4.xls Excel 5.0a spreadsheet
snfltpl4.doc Word 6.0 document
snfltpl4.txt Plain text version of above.
The above files and the zip archive can also be retrieved through anonymous ftp from
ftp://ftp.dsp.com/users/narayan
4
VFR Flight planner version 0.4 Sriram Narayan February 3, 1997